Nchọpụta nke polyurethane [PU] malitere n'afọ 1937 site n'aka Otto Bayer na ndị ọrụ ya na ụlọ nyocha nke IG Farben na Leverkusen, Germany.Ọrụ mbụ lekwasịrị anya na ngwaahịa PU enwetara site na aliphatic diisocyanate na diamine na-akpụ polyurea, ruo mgbe ihe ndị na-adọrọ mmasị nke PU nwetara site na diisocyanate aliphatic na glycol, ghọtara.Polyisocyanates ghọrọ ndị ahịa dị na 1952, obere oge ka a hụchara mmepụta ọnụ ọgụgụ azụmahịa nke PU (mgbe Agha IIwa nke Abụọ gasịrị) site na toluene diisocyanate (TDI) na polyester polyols.N'ime afọ ndị sochirinụ (1952-1954), Bayer mepụtara usoro polyester-polyisocyanate dị iche iche.
Polyester polyols ji nke nta nke nta dochie polyester polyols n'ihi ọtụtụ uru ha dị ka ọnụ ala dị ala, ịdị mfe njikwa, yana nkwụsi ike hydrolytic karịa nke mbụ.Poly (tetramethylene ether) glycol (PTMG), bụ nke DuPont webatara na 1956 site na polymerizing tetrahydrofuran, dị ka polyether polyol nke mbụ dị na azụmaahịa.Mgbe e mesịrị, na 1957, BASF na Dow Chemical mepụtara polyalkylene glycols.Dabere na PTMG na 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), na ethylene diamine, eriri Spandex akpọrọ Lycra bụ nke Dupont mepụtara.N'ime afọ iri, PU gụsịrị akwụkwọ na foams PU na-agbanwe agbanwe (1960) ruo ụfụfụ PU siri ike (polyisocyanurate foams-1967) dị ka ọtụtụ ndị na-efe efe, polyether polyols, na polymeric isocyanate dị ka poly methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (PMDI) dị.Ụfụfụ PU ndị a sitere na PMDI gosipụtara ezigbo nguzogide okpomọkụ yana nkwụghachi ọkụ.
Na 1969, ewebata teknụzụ PU Reaction Injection Molding [PU RIM] nke gara n'ihu n'ime Reinforced Reaction Injection Molding [RRIM] na-emepụta ihe PU dị elu nke na 1983 wepụtara ụgbọ ala plastik mbụ na United States.N'afọ 1990, n'ihi mmụba nke mmata maka ihe egwu dị n'iji chloro-alkanes dị ka ihe na-efe efe (Montreal protocol, 1987), ọtụtụ ihe ndị ọzọ na-afụ ụfụ wụsara n'ahịa (dịka, carbon dioxide, pentane, 1,1,1,2- tetrafluoroethane, 1,1,1,3,3- pentafluoropropane).N'otu oge ahụ, teknụzụ mkpuchi mkpuchi PU abụọ, PU-polyurea batara n'ihu, bụ nke nwere uru dị ukwuu nke ịbụ mmiri enweghị mmetụta na mmeghachi omume ngwa ngwa.Mgbe ahụ blossomed atụmatụ nke itinye n'ọrụ nke akwukwo nri mmanụ dabeere polyols maka mmepe nke PU.Taa, ụwa nke PU abịala n'ebe dị anya site na ngwakọ PU, PU composites, ndị na-abụghị isocyanate PU, nwere ngwa ngwa n'ọtụtụ dị iche iche.Mmasị na PU bilitere n'ihi njikọ ha dị mfe na usoro ngwa ngwa, ndị na-eme ihe dị mfe ( ole na ole) na ihe ndị dị elu nke ngwaahịa ikpeazụ.Akụkụ na-aga n'ihu na-enye nkọwa dị nkenke nke akụrụngwa achọrọ na njikọ PU yana kemistri izugbe na-etinye aka na mmepụta nke PU.
Nkwupụta: Ekwuru akụkọ a © 2012 Sharmin na Zafar, InTech nwere ikike.Naanị maka nkwurịta okwu na mmụta, emela ebumnuche azụmahịa ndị ọzọ, anaghị anọchite anya echiche na echiche nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, ọ bụrụ na ịchọrọ ibipụtaghachi, biko kpọtụrụ onye edemede mbụ, ma ọ bụrụ na e nwere mmebi iwu, biko kpọtụrụ anyị ozugbo iji wepụ nhazi.